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Tic Disorders
Tics: Definitions and Descriptions
- Tic:
- Sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization
- Simple motor tics:
- Motor tics that are rapid, darting, "meaningless"
Examples:
- Coughing
- Eye blinking
- Facial grimacing
- Neck jerking
- Shoulder shrugging
- Complex motor tics:
- Motor tics that are slower and appear more "purposeful"
Examples:
- Facial gestures
- Grooming behaviors
- Jumping
- Smelling an object
- Stamping
- Tapping
- Touching behaviors
- Echokinesis:
- Imitation of someone else's movements
- Copropraxia:
- Use of socially unacceptable movement or gestures, frequently obscene
- Simple vocal tics:
- Vocal tics that are rapid and "meaningless" sounds
Examples:
- Animal sounds, such as barking
- Grunting
- Sniffing
- Snorting
- Throat clearing
- Complex vocal tics:
- Vocal tics that are parts of language: words, phrases, statements
e.g, repeating words or phrases out of context
- Coprolalia:
- Use of socially unacceptable words, frequently obscene
- Echolalia:
- Repeating the last-heard sound, word, or phrase
- Palilalia:
- Repeating one's own sounds or words
- Paroxysm of tics:
- Repetition of multiple simultaneous or sequential tics that are difficult to distinguish from discrete tics
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